Measures to Improve Thermal Efficiency of Waste Incineration Power Generation

At present, the treatment of domestic waste can be divided into three main methods, namely landfill, incineration, and composting. Among these three treatment methods, incineration is a harmless treatment method, which is becoming more and more energy-intensive. Under the general background, if an environmentally friendly method can be used to incinerate garbage and then convert the chemical energy into electrical energy, it is of great significance to the development of our society. In today’s society, environmentally friendly incineration of domestic waste has become a state-supported method. Reasonably optimizing the incineration system will help ensure the stability of equipment operation and also greatly improve the efficiency of incineration.

At present, as the development of urbanization continues to accelerate, the amount of various garbage generated in the city is also increasing. Many cities in China cannot effectively deal with a large amount of garbage, which has caused a serious impact on people's quality of life. , Waste incineration and disposal have received widespread attention and attention. The main working principle in a garbage disposal is through reduction and harmless use, and recycling of valuable garbage can be realized through garbage collection. However, among the many garbage disposal methods in our country, incineration of garbage is a relatively effective garbage disposal method. The incineration of garbage for power generation realizes the effective conversion of energy sources, and at the same time, it also significantly improves the effect of garbage treatment in the city. Realize the sustainable application of resources and reduce the bad pollution problems caused by garbage to the urban environment.

 Waste Solution Factories

An application status of waste incineration power generation technology

Under the premise that the number of waste solution factories invested and the scale of construction continues to expand, waste incineration power generation technology has become more mature, and domestic equipment has achieved the goal of independent production, which not only reduces waste incineration power generation costs, but also It also greatly increases the operational efficiency of waste incineration power plants, and proposes effective protection methods for China's ecological environment protection. Incineration of municipal waste for power generation can not only effectively control the amount of municipal waste generated, but also improve the efficiency of municipal waste treatment. The application of waste incineration power generation technology can fully tap the ultimate value of municipal waste. Therefore, for a period of time, the national government has strongly supported the application of waste incineration power generation technology. At the same time, the country has also begun to introduce a series of policies to support waste incineration power generation projects. The application and promotion of power generation technology in the treatment of urban waste in China has laid a solid foundation.

2.1 Measures to reduce heat loss from exhaust smoke

For domestic waste incineration boilers, exhaust heat loss is the main heat loss of waste incineration boilers. The exhaust heat loss is mainly related to the exhaust temperature and excess air coefficient. When the excess air coefficient is constant, with the increase of the exhaust gas temperature, the exhaust heat loss gradually increases. When the exhaust temperature increases by 10°C, the exhaust heat loss increases by about 0.9%. When the exhaust gas temperature is constant, the excess air coefficient increases so does the exhaust smoke, and the exhaust heat loss increases accordingly. To reduce the heat loss of exhaust gas, there are two measures: reducing the exhaust gas temperature and reducing the excess air coefficient. In order to prevent low-temperature corrosion, the current typical exhaust gas temperature of municipal solid waste incineration boilers is generally between 190 and 200°C, which is 60 to 70°C higher than the exhaust temperature of about 130°C for conventional coal-fired units. A study on low-temperature corrosion of economizer tubes at different temperatures under the condition of waste incineration flue gas was carried out. The study found that, unlike the low-temperature corrosion caused by SO3 in conventional coal-fired units, the low-temperature corrosion caused by HCl caused the low-temperature corrosion of economizer tubes. The main cause of corrosion.

Reducing the excess air coefficient can also effectively improve the thermal efficiency of the waste incineration boiler. The excess air coefficient has a great influence on the combustion of garbage in the incineration boiler. Increasing the excess air coefficient can provide excess air, increase the turbulence in the furnace, and facilitate the full combustion of garbage. However, the excessive air coefficient may cause the temperature in the furnace to decrease and increase the energy required for conveying air and preheating air. Reducing the excess air factor may result in a decrease in the efficiency of waste incineration. Measures such as strengthening turbulent combustion and improving air distribution can reduce the concentration of combustibles such as CO under low excess air coefficient conditions and ensure the overall efficiency of waste incineration. For grate type waste incineration technology, air enters the furnace in the form of primary air and secondary air. The primary air is mainly responsible for the full conversion of solid waste on the grate, while the secondary air is mainly responsible for the full combustion of gaseous combustibles during the waste incineration process. The primary air excess air coefficient is mainly related to the calorific value of the garbage. The excess air coefficient of the primary air required for low calorific value garbage is generally higher to ensure the combustion reaction of the garbage in the bed to ensure the smooth progress of the garbage drying process.

Incineration System

2.2 Improve the main steam parameters

The MSW treatment plant can effectively improve thermal efficiency by improving the main steam parameters. The improvement of the main steam parameters of waste incineration power generation is mainly restricted by the anti-corrosion of the waste heat boiler (mainly high-temperature corrosion of flue gas). In recent years, due to the application of high-quality corrosion-resistant materials to boilers, the life of the heating surface of the boiler has been significantly improved. Although the investment and operating costs have increased, the overall economic benefits are better. The application of medium-temperature and sub-high pressure parameters has increased significantly, and the application of medium-temperature and Trends in the application of high pressure and ultra-high pressure parameters. It should be noted that when improving the main steam parameters, the exhaust steam humidity of the steam turbine and the boiler corrosion resistance must be taken into consideration.

2.3 Use intermediate reheat

The use of an intermediate reheating cycle can significantly improve the thermal economy of the incineration system. There are mainly two reheating methods currently used. One is the heating method with saturated steam outside the furnace; the other is the heating method with a reheater installed in the furnace. The first method is that the steam turbine usually adopts a split-cylinder method, and the high-pressure cylinder part uses For high-speed steam turbines, the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam enters the steam reheater to reheat and then enters the low-pressure cylinder to continue working. In the second mode, the steam turbine can adopt a split-cylinder mode or a single-cylinder model.

Conclusion

When designing the efficiency improvement of waste incineration power generation, the specific conditions and requirements of waste incineration power generation should be based on specific conditions and requirements such as waste heat value, composition, treatment volume, pollutant discharge, etc., combined with the technical and economic comparison of schemes, and comprehensive selection of specific efficiency improvement measures adopted to ensure the improvement. The technical feasibility of the effective plan and the economic benefits of the project. 

Intelligent Mobile Domestic Garbage Compression Equipment

The Vertical Waste Compression Station China integrates the unloading (discharging), compression, and storage of garbage. It adopts a structure that integrates compression and storage. The whole looks like a large box, which is produced by compressing garbage. The sewage flows directly into the sewage well through the sewage pipe and then is discharged into the urban sewage pipe network. The entire equipment only needs a position the size of a parking space, which is highly maneuverable and can be moved at any time. It is a new concept of urban domestic waste collection equipment that meets the national requirements for domestic waste treatment. Its main features are small area, easy to move, and no pollution to the surrounding environment.

Product features of waste compacting equipment:

1. Save clearing and transportation costs. The volume of the garbage compressed by the compressor is reduced by about 70, and the water in the domestic garbage can be discharged at the same time, which can carry more garbage, increase the garbage carrying capacity of a bicycle, and reduce the number of transportation. This alone can save money every year. Ten thousand yuan.

2. Operation integration. The intelligent operation and control system is controlled by a microcomputer processor, which can realize the automatic rotation of the cabinet, automatic compression cycle of locking, and full load warning, emergency stop, forced retreat, and safety warning functions. As long as the sanitation workers press the corresponding switch, the garbage compressor can complete multiple processes such as compression, lifting, and loading. The maximum compression force of the cylinder can reach 140t. Electric centralized control is adopted to improve the efficiency of the garbage disposal and reduce the labor intensity of workers.

Waste Compacting Equipment

3. Conducive to the clean transportation of garbage. The rubbish block compressed by the compressor will not cause the secondary pollution phenomenon of rubbish falling off and flying and sewage dripping during transportation, which is beneficial to the health of urban sanitation and sanitation workers.

4. Because the garbage compression equipment adopts a fully enclosed environment-friendly form placed underground, the box cover is insulated with professional thermal insulation materials. In summer, the temperature in the box is lower than the ground surface, the garbage is not perishable, the sewage will not flow out, and the odor is difficult to emit. It reduces the breeding of mosquitoes and flies and secondary pollution to the environment. At the same time, it eliminates the pollution and the spread of germs caused by garbage pickers or animals turning over. Garbage is stored in the box, free from wind and rain erosion, and flying scattered so that the surrounding environment is well protected.

5. Easy to use and operate. Both household or office bagged garbage and trolley transported garbage can be easily put into the bin from the feeding port on the top of the bin. The garbage disposal in the bin is automatically completed by the PLC programming and controlling the electrical system and the hydraulic system. There is a dedicated maintenance port on the top of the box, which is convenient for maintenance personnel to repair the equipment.

6. It has high working efficiency and has a garbage compression function. When the garbage is compressed, it can discharge about 20% of the total amount of garbage, reducing the weight of transportation and the secondary pollution of sewage leakage during transportation. At the same time, vehicle efficiency is increased by about 50%. The garbage in the box is pushed to the garbage truck through the push plate, and it can be completed by only one or two people operating the controller. There is no need to get on and off the truck manually, which prevents the sanitation personnel from directly contacting the garbage and effectively reduces the labor intensity. At the same time, no garbage is scattered, which completely changes the secondary pollution caused by traditional garbage transportation.

Municipal Waste Sorting Equipment

Do you know how to deal with municipal waste? How much do you know about municipal waste sorting equipment? The following municipal waste sorting plant will give you a detailed introduction.

Urban waste is subdivided into four groups: material waste group (including glass, magnetic or non-magnetic metals, waste paper, rubber, plastic), organic waste group (kitchen waste, biological waste), inorganic waste group (furnace ash, Bricks, ceramics, etc.), toxic and hazardous waste groups (waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, pesticide containers, expired drugs, medical waste, and waste televisions, telephones, computers, and other waste electrical waste). The municipal waste sorting equipment is specially designed to deal with municipal waste. The following is a detailed introduction.

As we all know, world cities should be cities with important influence in the world. This influence is reflected in many aspects, but the level of garbage classification rate should undoubtedly be one of them. It’s hard to imagine how a city with a very low waste classification rate can assume the honor of being a world city. The current waste classification rate in Beijing is only about 10%. Most of the waste is landfilled because it cannot be classified. Waste has also caused environmental pollution, and a large amount of valuable land has become a landfill that can no longer be used. These very distressing results are caused by the fact that the garbage has not been sorted from the source. Therefore, to properly handle the garbage and find ways to increase the garbage classification rate requires functional departments to improve measures, and thousands of households need to start from the source. This is to save resources and protect the environment. Need is also a standard that cities in the world should have.

Municipal Waste Sorting System

To achieve this, to meet the standards of the world's cities, we need to do enough homework in all aspects, and the concept of garbage classification needs to be penetrated into thousands of households. Only when everyone takes action can the garbage classification rate continue to increase. The standard of world cities It is possible to achieve it.

Humans produce a large amount of garbage every day, and garbage that is not sorted, recycled, reused, and disposed of will cause environmental pollution. Garbage sorting equipment is high-tech equipment that automatically sorts mixed garbage. Waste sorting equipment can carry out a subsequent comprehensive treatment and full reuse of waste, and achieve the goal of zero waste landfill. Whether it is mixed-collected municipal domestic waste, kitchen waste, or stale waste, the equipment can automatically, quickly, and effectively separate the plastic, paper, organic matter, batteries, packaging, and other physical components in the waste for the purpose of downloading One-step recycling.

The municipal waste sorting system changes the cumbersome pre-treatment process of traditional waste sorting, saves a lot of manual sorting costs and equipment investment, and achieves the maximum utilization of waste resources and the goal of zero landfills.

The Era of Garbage Sorting Is Coming！

Environmental equipment manufacturer to share this article for you.

1. Garbage classification

2. Garbage classification is an urgent task. Effective and high-quality classification of garbage can safely dispose of garbage containing hazardous substances and minimize direct pollution to the soil and the atmosphere.

It can make recyclable materials and kitchen waste that are still of value to be used as resources, saving the precious resources of the earth.

2. Small science of garbage classification

Garbage is the smallest thing in the city, but it is also the biggest thing. Garbage classification management is a sign of social civilization progress and an important manifestation of individual civilized behavior. In order to make the urban environment better, we should develop good habits of garbage classification, advocate green and low-carbon life, make garbage classification a conscious action for everyone, and help our entire city become more beautiful and civilized!

Reduce footprint

Some substances in domestic garbage are not easily degraded, which seriously erodes the land. Garbage classification, remove recyclable and non-degradable substances, reduce the amount of garbage by more than 60%.

Reduce pollution

At present, most of the garbage disposal adopt sanitary landfill or even simple landfill, occupying tens of thousands of acres of land; and the flies fly, the sewage overflows, and the smelly smoke flies, which seriously pollutes the environment. Abandoned batteries contain toxic substances such as metallic mercury and cadmium, which will cause serious harm to humans; waste plastics in the soil will cause crops to reduce production; discarded waste plastics are accidentally eaten by animals, causing accidents that cause animal deaths. Recycling can also reduce harm.

Environmental equipment manufacturer

Turning waste into treasure

30%~40% of domestic waste can be recycled. For example, cans can be used to make pen cases, which is both environmentally friendly and resource-saving; food, plants and fabrics can be composted to produce organic fertilizers; waste incineration can generate electricity, heat or cool; Bricks and tiles, lime soil can be processed into building materials, etc. All kinds of solid waste are mixed together as garbage, and sorting is resources. One ton of waste plastic can reclaim 600 kilograms of diesel oil, and recover 1500 tons of waste paper. It can avoid the felling of forest trees used for the production of 1200 tons of paper. A ton of cans can be melted to form a ton of good aluminum blocks. 20 tons of aluminum ore. If the resource potential contained in the domestic waste can be fully tapped and recovered, Beijing alone can obtain an economic benefit of 1.1 billion yuan per year. It can be seen that recycling is the best way to solve the garbage problem.

3. Types of garbage

Recyclable

It mainly includes five categories: waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth.

Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, various packaging papers, etc. However, it is important to note that paper towels and toilet paper are not recyclable due to their high water solubility.

Plastic: all kinds of plastic bags, plastic foam, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, hard plastics, plastic toothbrushes, plastic cups, mineral water bottles, etc.

Glass: mainly includes various glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, thermos bottles, etc.

Metal objects: mainly including cans, cans, etc.

Cloth: mainly including waste clothes, tablecloths, face towels, school bags, shoes, etc.

These wastes can be recycled through comprehensive treatment to reduce pollution and save resources. For example, 850 kg of paper can be made for every 1 ton of waste paper recovered, saving 300 kg of wood, and 74% less pollution than equivalent production; 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials can be obtained for each ton of plastic beverage bottles recovered; for every 1 ton of waste steel recovered, 0.9 tons of steel is smelted, which is 47% less cost than ore smelting, 75% less air pollution, 97% less water pollution and solid waste.

Non-recyclable

Food waste: food waste including leftovers, bones, vegetable roots, leaves, peels and other food waste.

Other garbage: Including bricks and ceramics, muck, toilet waste paper, paper towels, and other difficult-to-recycle wastes, nutshells, and dust in addition to the above types of garbage. Taking sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution to groundwater, surface water, soil, and air. In fact, the big stick bone is included in "other garbage" because it is "difficult to corrode". Corn kernels, nutshells, fruit cores, chicken bones, etc. are kitchen waste.

Toilet paper: Toilet paper and toilet paper dissolve in water and are not considered "recyclable" "paper", similar to pottery and cigarette cases.

Kitchen garbage bags: The commonly used plastic bags, even if they are degradable, are far more difficult to corrode than kitchen garbage. In addition, the plastic bag itself is recyclable garbage. The correct approach should be to pour the kitchen waste into the trash can, and throw the plastic bags into the "recyclable trash" bin.

Fruit shells: In the garbage classification, the "fruit shell melon skin" logo is peanut shells, indeed it belongs to kitchen waste. The waste cooking oil used at home is also classified as "kitchen waste".

Dust: In the classification of garbage, dust belongs to "other garbage", but the fallen branches and leaves belong to "kitchen garbage", including flowers that bloom at home.

Toxic and hazardous garbage: wastes that contain heavy metals and toxic substances that are harmful to human health or cause actual or potential harm to the environment. Including batteries, fluorescent tubes, light bulbs, mercury thermometers, paint buckets, some home appliances, expired drugs, expired cosmetics, etc. These wastes are generally collected or disposed of separately.