The basics of waste transfer station system operations

Arrivals and Scale Inbound commercial vehicles are first directed to the scale house. Loads are weighed and tippage fees are assessed as applicable. If a transfer station allows the public to also drop off solid waste, there may be a separate queue and scale for this purpose.

Tipping , Processing and Reloading Vehicles are unloaded at the main transfer building. Solid waste may be dropped onto the floor, into a pit, or immediately onto another vehicle. During this process, transfer station employees will screen the waste for any unauthorized materials. Compactors are used at some transfer stations to compact waste and thereby increase the payload of outbound trailers.

Facility The facility typically includes a scale location and an enclosed building where tippage and transfer take place.

The property requires adequate space to facilitate the queuing of vehicles at the scale and at the main building. As well, there should be space to accommodate the parking of outbound transfer trailers. Additional property will be required for staging unacceptable garbage. Some waste transfer stations provide space for the public to drop off green waste or other approved recyclables.

Basic Equipment Aside from scales, transfer stations typically use equipment such as front-end loaders, cranes, conveyors, walking floors and compactors.

Staffing Waste transfer stations require customer service and scale house operators, traffic controllers, equipment operators, maintenance mechanics, as well as other technical and management staff.

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Recycling in these corners of the globe(3)

Recycling In South America

Chile recycles nearly 17 million tonnes of waste annually, which is less than 10%, but it makes it the leader in a continent struggling to make headway in this sector. Lacklustre environmental messaging, non-existent laws and few recycling firms: the causes of the problem are numerous, but fortunately some entrepreneurs are taking matters into their own hands.

For instance, dozens of new innovative projects are being implemented every year, including information campaigns on paper recycling in Colombia, voluntary collection points in Argentina, the conversion of plastic bottles into survival blankets in Peru, and mass electronic waste collection days in Mexico. These projects are helping recycling to grow rapidly in all four corners of Latin America.

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Recycling in these corners of the globe(2)

Recycling In North America

The US is the world's number one waste producer, but it is ranked only 18th in the league table of the world's top recyclers, with 35% of materials recovered.

The main cause of this problem is the absence of national directives obliging the various states and their cities to work towards reusing materials. The interest in recycling and the effectiveness of the systems put in place vary enormously from place to place.

For example, Oklahoma City and Indianapolis recycle less than 4% of their waste, while a city like San Francisco processes almost everything, and really does set a recycling example for the rest of the world to emulate. At the very heart of the bay, in a 20,000 sq m warehouse on Pier 96, sits the largest professional recycling centre in the world.

Farther north, in Canada, its rate of 27% recycled materials is the result of the same lack of legislative consistency regarding waste treatment.

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Recycling in these corners of the globe(1)

While the principle of recycling is universal, no one region of the globe does it like the others. Here is a brief continent-by-continent overview of recycling practices, records and philosophies.

Recycling In Africa

In 2050, a quarter of the world's population will be African. This soaring demographic growth has a direct consequence: a similarly unbridled increase in the volume of waste produced.

But the lack of government money to introduce effective collection and recycling systems means that the vast majority of countries on the continent are forced to dump these materials in public or illegal landfill sites, which today account for over 4% of global CO2 emissions.

To combat this scourge, and notably the plague of plastic waste, many recycling companies are innovating constantly. In Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali, plastic bags are collected by rag merchants, then turned into furniture, clothing or road construction materials by increasingly inventive small businesses. In Nigeria, a new initiative combining public and private funding will this year streamline the existing networks of rag merchants in the state of Ogun to collect household waste at source and produce electricity or bio-fertiliser. A first in the history of a continent which has the ideas but not yet the funds and the facilities to put them into practice.

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Importance and benefits of waste recycle system

Waste recycle helps protect the environment:

This is because the recyclable waste materials would have been burned or ended up in the landfill. Pollution of the air, land, water and soil is reduced.

Waste recycle conserves natural resources:

Waste recycle more waste means that we do not depend too much on raw (natural) resources, which are already massively depleted.

Waste solution saves energy:

It takes more energy to produce items with raw materials than from recycling used materials. This means we are more energy efficient and the prices of products can come down.

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How to sort waste?

The following must be put in the paper and cardboard container:

1. Newspapers, magazines, catalogues, advertising materials;

2. Notebooks, printed and blank stationary and drawing paper;

3. Envelopes, books without covers;

4. Cardboard boxes, paper bags and other clean paper packaging.

The following must not be put in the paper and cardboard container:

1. Soiled or wet paper and cardboard;

2. Household paper;

3. Used paper plates and cups;

4. Cardboard drink packaging, Clingfilm;

5. Foil and carbon copy paper.

A container for paper and cardboard must be obtained for all registered immovables with at least 5 flats and for institutions and companies that create more than 20 kg of such waste per week. Waste paper created in residential buildings with fewer than 5 flats and residential houses should be taken to the waste station.

The following must be put in the container for biodegradable waste:

1. Meat and fish waste, fruit and vegetables, fruit and vegetable peels, bread, precooked food, bakery products and confectionery, cheese, butter and margarine and other solid food waste.

2. Household paper, tissues, coffee grounds, paper filters, teabags.

3. House plants and cut flowers.

The following must not be put in the container for biodegradable waste:

1. Cooking oil, milk, sour milk, soup, sauces and other liquid food and foodstuffs.

2. Liquids.

3. Large bones.

4. Clingfilm, metal, glass, ashes, cigarette butts, packaging, waxed and laminated cardboard and other non-biodegradable waste.

A container for biodegradable waste must be obtained for all registered immovables with at least 10 flats and institutions and companies that create more than 20 kg of such waste per week.

Food waste created in residential buildings with fewer than 10 flats and in residential houses must be turned into compost in a composter on the grounds of the house or placed into a biodegradable waste container. We advise people who care about the environment to compost their food waste in a composter. What must be kept in mind is that food waste may be composted only in a closed composter and not on an open pile.

Garden and park waste (leaves, twigs, grass, etc.) may be composted on one's own grounds in an open pile or taken to the composting field (Rahumäe tee 5a).

The following must be put in a packaging container:

1. Plastic packaging: yoghurt or butter tubs; oil, ketchup and mayonnaise bottles; packaging of cosmetic products (e.g. cream jars, shampoo bottles); plastic dishes and boxes; plastic bags and Clingfilm; other clean plastic packaging.

2. Glass packaging: glass bottles without tax labels, glass jars, other clean glass packaging.

3. Metal packaging: tins, metal lids and tops of food and drink packaging, other clean metal packaging.

4. Drink cartons: clean milk, juice and yoghurt cartons.

The following must not be put in a packaging container:

Packaging that is soiled with food or half-full, plastic toys, packaging of hazardous substances (e.g. household chemicals), aerosol packaging (e.g. hairspray), window glass and glass sheets, lighting bulbs.

There are approximately 300 public packaging containers in Tallinn where packaging can be deposited free of charge. If you put packaging waste in the same container as your mixed household waste, you pay double for its handling as the price of handing the packaging has already been added to the product.

The following must be taken to hazardous waste collection points:

1. Leftover oils and oil filters, oily sweeps (up to 20 litres).

2. Paint, glue, varnish and solvent leftovers in retail packaging (up to 10 litres).

3. Mercury lamps (up to 10).

4. Medicines with expired use-by dates and unusable medicines, other medical waste (up to 2 kg at a time).

5. Chemical and pesticide waste (up to 10 litres).

6. Mercury thermometers and other waste that contains mercury (up to 2 kg at a time).

7. Batteries (in unlimited quantities).

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Rules of waste transport

Every apartment association or individual household has to enter into a waste management contract with a waste transport company. Waste containers must be emptied often enough to avoid overfilling and the emergence of bad odours and pests. Pursuant to the Waste Act, containers in densely populated areas must be emptied at least once a month. This is why a container of suitable size that corresponds to the quantity of waste created must be selected (residential houses are permitted to use bin bags).

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